TURKEY MUST REF�NE AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE THAT WAS TRANSFERRED FROM OTTOMAN EMPIRE

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TURKEY MUST REF�NE AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE THAT WAS TRANSFERRED FROM OTTOMAN EMPIRE - OCAK 2005

TURKEY MUST REF�NE AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE THAT WAS TRANSFERRED FROM OTTOMAN EMPIRE - OCAK 2005

GENEL MERKEZ ( )
01.02.2005 (Son G�ncelleme: 01.02.2005 15:12:53)

“TURKEY MUST REF�NE AGR�CULTURAL STRUCTURE THAT WAS TRANSFERRED FROM OTTOMAN EMP�RE”

AGR�CULTURE �S ONE THE MOST �MPORTANT NEGOT�AT�ON TOP�C FOR THE TURKEY’S ADAPTAT�ON PROCESS �N TO TURKEY TO COMMON AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY OF EU SEEMS TO BE A D�FF�CULT PROCESS FOR TURKEY �N WH�CH 35 PERCENT OF TE WHOLE POPULAT�ON AND 12 PERCENT OF GNP DEPENDS ON AGR�CULTURE. THERE ARA SER�OUS D�FFERENCES BETWEEN TURKEY’S AND EU COUNTR�ES AGR�CULTURAL STRUCTURE AND POL�CY, SUCH AS AGR�CULTURAL �NFRASTRUCTURE, AGR�CULTURAL PRODUCT AND AGR�CULTURAL EMPLOYMENT. BOTH GOVERNMENT AND NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGAN�SAT�ONS SPEC�AL�SE ON AGR�CULTURE, MAKE �MPORTANT ENTERPR�SES FOR �MPROV�NG FUNDAMENTAL SOLUT�ONS �N THE FRAME OF ACQU�S COMMUNAUTA�RE. MOST OF THE T�ME, GOVERNMENT AND NGOS ARE WORK�NG TOGETHER. G�KHAN G�NAYDIN, THE PRES�DENT OF AGR�CULTURE ENG�NEER ASSOC�AT�ON WHO �S KNOWN W�TH H�S ACADEM�C PROF�LE, SHARED H�S �DEAS W�TH US ABOUT THE PROBLEMS OF AGR�CULTURE, H�S SUGGEST�ONS FOR THE SOLUT�ON AND THE LAST LEGAL CHANGES �N ACCESS�NG PROCESS TO EU.

THE D�PLOMAT�C NEWSBR�GDE:
AGR�CULTURAL M�N�STRY ORGAN�SED “II. AGR�CULTURE COUNC�L” BETWEEN THE DATES 29 NOVEMBER AND 1 DECEMBER 2004. WHAT K�NDS OF SOLUT�ONS WERE SUGGESTED AT THE END OF TH�S COUNC�L?

G�KHAN G�NAYDIN: AGR�CULTURAL COUNC�L HAS A�MED TO EVALUATE �NTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS BY F�X�NG THE COND�T�ONS AND PROV�DED A PLAN FOR CONCE�VABLE AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY �N TURKEY SOON. TURK�SH AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY �S RESTR�CTED BY THREE EXTERNAL FACTORS. THESE ARE; DEC�S�ONS THAT WERE TAKEN �N THE MEET�NG OF WORLD TRADE ORGAN�SAT�ON (WTO) �N GENEVA, DEL�BERAT�ON PROCESS W�TH EU AND THE LAST ONE �S ECONOM�C PROGRAMS THAT HAS BEEN ENFORCED BY IMF. THESE THREE D�MENS�ONS WERE ANALYSED �N THE COUNC�L. HOWEVER, SOMETH�NG �S DEF�C�ENT �N THE COUNC�L. FOR EXAMPLE, WHAT K�ND OF CHANGES TURKEY HAS TO DO �N �TS AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY �N SHORT, M�D AND LONG TERM? HOW DOES TURKEY DO THESE CHANGES? WH�CH TOOLS? COUNC�L HAD TO DETERM�NE AN AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY AND ORGAN�SED AN ACT�ON PLAN �N THE FRAME OF THESE QUEST�ONS’ ANSWERS; BUT �T WASN’T DONE. ALTHOUGH COUNC�L HAS MADE REASONABLE EVALUAT�ON OF COND�T�ONS AND HAS G�VEN �MPORTANT AGR�CULTURAL DATA, WE COULD NOT TALK ABOUT A SER�OUS PROCESS FOR ANALYS�NG THESE DATA. I TH�NK, THE DEC�S�ONS OF COUNC�L W�LL REMA�N ON PAPER L�KE THE FORMER COUNC�L’S DEC�S�ONS THAT WAS HELD �N 1997.

DN: WTO DEC�DED TO DECREASE SUBVENT�ON �N �TS MEET�NG �N JULY. HOW DO WTO DEC�S�ONS �NFLUENCE TURK�SH AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY?

G.G.: WTO DEC�S�ONS CONF�RM THREE MA�N SUBJECTS, AND EACH DEC�S�ON AFFECTS TURK�SH AGR�CULTURE �N A D�FFERENT WAY. FOR EXAMPLE; WHO DEC�DED TO DECREASE EXPORT SUBVENT�ON, WH�CH WAS USED BY EU AND THE USA. THEREFORE, TH�S DEC�S�ON W�LL NOT BE PROBLEM FOR TURK�SH AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY. ANOTHER TOP�C �SE DECREAS�NG �NTERNAL SUPPORTS TO AGR�CULTURE. IF TH�S TOP�C W�LL BE EXECUTED, TURKEY CAN FACE TO FACE TO DECREASE �TS �NTERNAL SUPPORTS THAT ARE ALSO NOT ENOUGH, ESPEC�ALLY �N PREM�UM FOR BUTTER PLANTS. BUT ACCORD�NG TO T�RK�YE, THE MOST �MPORTANT PO�NT �S CAUT�ONS FOR ACCESS�NG TO MARKET. WTO WANTS TO OPEN OUR PROTECTED MARKETS SOON. TH�S MEANS A RAP�D DECREASE �N CUSTOM TAX. BECAUSE OF �NPUT COSTS NOT BE�NG REDUCED, THERE ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT THE�R PRODUCT�V�TY COULD NOT BE �NCREASED SUCH AS BANANA, CORN, MEAT, TEA AND TOBACCO. THESE PRODUCTS ARE PROTECTED BY ONLY CUSTOM TAX. WE CAN COME ACROSS EXPORT COMPET�T�ON BY DECREAS�NG CUSTOM TAX. EU’S AGR�CULTURE BUDGET �S 43 B�LL�ON EURO AND THE USA’S AGR�CULTURE BUDGET �S 74 B�LL�ON DOLLAR BUT ON THE CONTRARY, TURK�SH AGR�CULTURE BUDGET �S NEARLY 2.3 B�LL�ON DOLLAR. IT MEANS UNEQUAL POWERS W�LL COMPETE �N THE SAME MARKET. AND TH�S PROCESS CAN BE DESTRUCT�VE FOR TURK�SH AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY.

“...STRUCTURAL CHANGES SHOULD BE DONE FOR TURK�SH AGR�CULTURE W�TH OR W�THOUT EU”

DN: WHAT K�ND OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES W�LL BE EXPECTED FROM TURKEY �N HARMON�S�NG PROCESS W�TH EU? HOW DOES TURKEY �MPROVE �TS AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY �N THE L�GHT OF EU?

G.G.: WHEN EU ESTABL�SHED �TS COMMON AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY �N 1961, �T WAS NOT SELF SUFF�C�ENT �N AGR�CULTURE PRODUCTS; BUT TODAY EU HAS UTMOST AGR�CULTURAL PRODUCT �N THE WORLD. EU REACHES TH�S RESULT BY RECOVER�NG RURAL �NFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS, SUPPORT�NG PRODUCT�ON AND BREEDER W�TH PAYMENT AND �NTERVENT�ON �NST�TUT�ONS. HOWEVER, EU GAVE UP THE �NTERVENT�ON POL�C�ES AND STARTED TO �MPLEMENT POL�C�ES OR�ENTED TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT. BECAUSE OF PRODUC�NG MORE THAN MARKET DEMAND, EU PLANS TO �MPLEMENT L�BERAL POL�C�ES �N AGR�CULTURE FOR REDUC�NG OVER PRODUCTS. ON THE OTHER HAND, TURKEY HAS D�FFERENT COND�T�ONS. S�NCE 2003 TURKEY HAS EXPORTED AGR�CULTURAL PRODUCTS AND LOSS OF PRODUCT�ON �S BECOM�NG ACCRUED DAY BY DAY. TURKEY HAS SOME BAS�C DUT�ES SUCH AS FEED�NG PEOPLE, �NCREAS�NG PRODUCT�V�TY... THEREFORE TODAY’S CAP �S NOT MOST BENEF�C�AL PLATFORM FOR TURKEY, BES�DE TH�S EU ALSO DOESN’T WANT TURKEY TO CONFORM �TS AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY �N TO EU’S TODAY POL�CY. BECAUSE, ACCORD�NG TO OPT�M�ST PRED�CT�ONS TURKEY W�LL ACCESS TO EU �N 2015. SO, TURKEY SHOULD PERFORM �TS CONT�T�ONS ACCORD�NG TO 2015. WHAT WE SAY �S L�BERAL�SAT�ON �N AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY CAN BE DESTRUCT�VE WH�LE TURKEY’S ALL D�MENS�ONS OF AGR�CULTURE GOES FROM BAD TO WORSE. EU ESTABL�SHED ON S�NGLE MARKET PR�NC�PLE. TH�S D�SC�PL�NE FORESEES TO REMOVE ALL QUOTAS AMONG ALL MEMBERS OF EU. IN THESE COND�T�ONS, TURKEY HAS TO �NCREASE �TS AGR�CULTURAL SENS�B�L�TY. THEREFORE, �T SHOULD ESTABL�SH COMPET�T�VE, POWERFUL AGR�CULTURE STRUCTURE BY EL�M�NAT�NG THE FACTORS THAT CAUSE �NCREAS�NG THE COST OF PRODUCTS AND PRESS�NG TO PRODUCT�V�TY. BY THE WAY, TURKEY HAS TO SOLVE AGR�CULTURAL AND RURAL �NFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS. TURKEY ST�LL COULD NOT CARRY WATER TO 4 M�LL�ON HECTARE F�ELD. WE CAN’T TALK ABOUT PRODUCT�V�TY W�THOUT WATERY AGR�CULTURE. TURKEY HAS TO COMPLETE PUBL�C �NVESTMENTS AND DO SOME ENTERPR�SES FOR DEVELOP�NG TECHNOLOGY �N AGR�CULTURE. IN ORDER TO SOLVE ALL THESE PROBLEMS, TURKEY W�LL HAVE TO ALLOCATE MORE THAN 10 M�LL�ON DOLLARS TO AGR�CULTURE ALONG 10 YEARS. THESE STRUCTURAL CHANGES SHOULD BE DONE FOR TURK�SH AGR�CULTURE W�TH OR W�THOUT EU. IT �S EXACTLY �MPOSS�BLE TO F�T THE L�VE AGR�CULTURE �N TURKEY EXCLUD�NG THESE STRUCTURAL CHANGES. TURKEY MUST REF�NE AGR�CULTURAL STRUCTURE THAT WAS TRANSFERRED FROM OTTOMAN EMP�RE.

DN: CAN TURK�SH AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY BE A DETERRENT FACTOR �N THE ACCESS�NG PROCESS OF EU?

G.G.: AGR�CULTURE �S ONE OF D�FF�CULT CASES �N 31 NEGOT�AT�ON F�LES. WE ALL KNOW THAT, TURKEY’S TOTAL AREA AND POPULAT�ON �S MORE THAN THE LAST 10 ATTENDANCE COUNTR�ES’ TO EU. WE HAVE SER�OUS D�FFERENCES FROM EU COUNTR�ES. THE 33.8 PERCENT OF TURK�SH EMPLOYMENT BELONGS TO AGR�CULTURE. AT WORST, TURKEY MUST RETRACT TH�S NUMBER TO 10 PERCENT. TH�S MEANS 23 PERCENT OF PEOPLE W�LL BROKEN OFF AGR�CULTURAL SECTORS, �N OTHER WORDS 25 PERCENT OF WHOLE TURK�SH EMPLOYMENT. TURKEY NEEDS A PROJECT FOR THESE PEOPLE. YOU CAN E�THER DO TH�S BY TRANSFERR�NG PEOPLE TO THE OTHER SECTORS OR DETER�ORAT�NG THE TERMS OF �NTERNAL TRADE AGA�NST TO AGR�CULTURE, L�KE �N THE M�D OF 80S. BUT THE SECOND ONE CAN CAUSE D�FFERENT SOC�AL PROBLEMS. SO, TURKEY SHOULD PLAN AN AGR�CULTURAL STRUCTURE, WH�CH CAN F�T EU’S CAP FOR A PROBABLE ACCESS�ON DAY.

“WHAT WE SAY �S L�BERAL�SAT�ON �N AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY CAN BE DESTRUCT�VE WH�LE TURKEY’S ALL D�MENS�ONS OF AGR�CULTURE GOES FROM BAD TO WORSE.”

DN: IN THE FRAME OF EU HARMON�S�NG PROCESS, GOVERNMENT MADE SOME LEGAL CHANGES. HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE LAST CHANGE �N 5179 ART�CLE THAT TRANSFERR�NG THE CONTROL AND PERM�SS�ON AUTHOR�TY �NTO ONE HAND, �N 1ST DECEMBER 2004?

G.G.: TH�S �S A CORRECT APPROACH. TO TAKE AUTHOR�TY �N ONE HAND MAKES THE CHECK�NG PROCESS MORE EFFECT�VE. EU FORESEES S�NGLE FOOD AUTHOR�TY BUT �N TURKEY THE M�N�STRY OF AGR�CULTURE DOES NOT HAVE ENOUGH QUAL�F�ED HUMAN RESOURCES. M�N�STRY OF AGR�CULTURE SHOULD MAKE EFFECT�VE CHECK�NG MECHAN�SM BY TAK�NG QUAL�F�ED STAFF SUCH AS AGR�CULTURE ENG�NEER, CHEM�CAL ENG�NEER AND FOOD ENG�NEER. I MEAN, LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS ARE NOT ENOUGH FOR THE SOLUT�ON.

DN: AS YOU KNOW GENERAL D�RECTORATE OF RURAL AFFA�RS WAS TRANSFERRED TO PROV�NC�AL SPEC�AL ADM�N�STRAT�ON. HOW DOES TH�S CHANGE AFFECT RURAL AREA’S AGR�CULTURAL ACT�V�T�ES?

G.G.: THE LAW TRANSFERRED DUT�ES OF GENERAL D�RECTORATE OF RURAL AFFA�RS RELATED W�TH CONSTRUCT�ON AND SETTLEMENT PROJECTS TO M�N�STRY OF PUBL�C WORKS. RURAL AFFA�RS SERV�CES �N AGR�CULTURAL AND RURAL AREAS; SUCH AS WATER�NG AND PROTECT�NG LAND, BY THE WAY �T ALSO G�VES SOC�AL �NFRASTRUCTURE SERV�CES L�KE WAY, DR�NK�NG WATER, CONSTRUCT�ON, CANAL�SAT�ON...
GENERAL D�RECTORATE OF RURAL AFFA�RS HAD G�VEN ALL THESE SERV�CES S�NCE 1985. TRANSFERR�NG THESE DUT�ES TO PROV�NC�AL SPEC�AL ADM�N�STRAT�ON MEANS TO REMOVE THE CONTROL FROM THE AREA. BECAUSE THESE PROJECTS SHOULD BE PLANNED AND DR�VEN �N THE BASE OF BAS�N.

DN: WHAT K�NDS OF ENTERPR�SES ARE DONE FOR DEVELOP�NG ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE �N TURKEY? ARE THEY ENOUGH?

G.G: THE OLD LAW WAS BECOME SU�TABLE TO EU’S ACQU�S COMMUNAUTA�RE. BUT I HAVE TO SAY THAT ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE �S NOT THE R�GHT WAY FOR SOLUT�ON FOR ALLA AGR�CULTURAL SECTORS. BECAUSE THE DEMANDER OF ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE �S D�FFERENT. HOWEVER, ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE MUST BE DEVELOPED FOR VALUE ADDED. BUT HERE THERE ARE SOME PROBLEMS, OUT OF 7 CONTROL AND CERT�F�CAT�ON �NST�TUT�ONS. AND THE�R SERV�CES ARE TOO EXPENS�VE. THE EXPENS�VE CONTROL AND CERT�F�CAT�ON �S B�G OBSTACLE �N FRONT OF ENLARGEMENT OF ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE. WE ALL KNOW THAT THE �NPUTS OF ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE ARE EXPENS�VE THAN CONVENT�ONAL AGR�CULTURE. TH�S �S THE OTHER OBSTACLE. BUT THE MOST �MPORTANT TH�NG �S �MPROV�NG NEW MARKET FOR ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE. ALTHOUGH THE ECONOM�C CR�S�S �N TURKEY RESTR�CTS THE ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURE’S �NTERNAL MARKET, EXTERNAL MARKET �S GETT�NG LARGE DAY BY DAY. BUT THERE �S A PR�CE PROBLEM �N EXTERNAL MARKET. EU EXPECTS TO BUY CHEAP ORGAN�C AGR�CULTURAL PRODUCT FROM TURKEY. CONSEQUENTLY, TURKEY HAS TO �MPROVE �TSELF �N A PLATFORM THAT DEVELOPED MARKET, WELL-ORGAN�SED �NPUT, AND EXCLUS�VE SERV�CES FOR M�NOR PRODUCERS �N THE NAME OF CONTROL AND CERT�F�CAT�ON PROCESS.

G�KHAN G�NAYDIN
GRADUATED FROM ATAT�RK U. DEPARTMENT OF AGR�CULTURE, �STANBUL U. DEPARTMENT OF LAW AND ANADOLU U. ECONOMY DEPARTMENT. G�NAYDIN, WHO HAS A MASTER DEGREE ON PUBL�C ADM�N�STRAT�ON, ACQU�RES TWO CERT�F�CATES ON THE SUBJECT OF EU COMMON AGR�CULTURAL POL�CY EXPERT AND EU LAW. HE ATTENDED TO H�S DOCTORATE �N ANKARA U., CONCURRENTLY HE HAS BEEN THE PRES�DENT OF AGR�CULTURE ENG�NEER’S ASSOC�AT�ON MORE THAN 2 YEARS. HE HAS SOME ART�CLES AND BOOKS RELATED W�TH RURAL DEVELOPMENT.

Okunma Say�s�: 1465

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